“Everything in moderation,” as they say. This rule also holds true when it comes to coffee consumption: studies have revealed that moderate intake (three to four cups daily) has numerous health advantages that include reduced risks of heart disease, depression and Alzheimer’s. Furthermore, coffee may help prevent Parkinson’s disease and type 2 diabetes.

Still, the question remains: How much coffee is too much? Here, we explore which number of cups constitute healthy consumption as well as possible side effects from excessive drinking.

Though coffee has a bad rep as an unhealthy stimulant, it actually contains health-promoting antioxidants that may significantly lower the risk of cancer, heart disease and other chronic illnesses. A cup of freshly brewed coffee may contain up to 550 milligrams of antioxidants which have the ability to significantly lower these risks.

Decaf and caffeinated coffee contain antioxidants that are good for you. Studies have determined that three to four 8-ounce cups per day is optimal; to get maximum benefit from drinking coffee for health purposes. It’s best to opt for low-fat varieties when selecting milk to add calories from milk or sugar.

Researchers conducted a recent study published in Circulation: Cardiovascular Diseases that concluded those consuming three to four cups of coffee daily had a 19% lower chance of dying from cardiovascular disease, and an even lower chance of arrhythmias (such as atrial fibrillation). Their research indicated that mild-to-moderate coffee consumption, whether instant, ground or decaf should be seen as part of a healthy heart-friendly diet.

Studies conducted by the American Heart Association also concluded in 2022 that drinking two to three cups of coffee daily lowered mortality risk due to preexisting cardiovascular disease among adults aged 30-69 years. They believe the decreased mortality risk may be attributable to decreased blood pressure levels, elevated levels of HDL (“good”) cholesterol and lower inflammation levels.

Due to being observational studies, these results cannot prove coffee was responsible for reducing heart disease or other causes of mortality; but they suggest further investigation in this area.

Studies conducted over the last several years have demonstrated that drinking coffee may help decrease risk for liver disease, cancer and various health conditions such as diabetes and gallstones. Furthermore, the beverage can enhance mood as well as cognitive performance.

As coffee offers numerous health benefits, it is no wonder it has become one of the world’s favorite drinks. As with anything, however, it is important to follow recommended doses – select fresh-roasted premium beans and do not overload your mug with extra sugar or cream or milk; use grass-fed butter as this offers lower levels of fat than half ‘n half or whole milk.